text_body: --- DIVISION TITLE ---
  
  Environment Bill - New Clause 12 - Well Consents for Hydraulic Fracturing: Cessation of Issue and Termination
  
  --- MOTION EFFECT ---
  
  @ MP voted no to permit hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to extract hydrocarbons from the ground. 
  
  @ MP voted aye to ban hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to extract hydrocarbons from the ground. 
  
  The majority of MPs voted not to ban hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to extract hydrocarbons from the ground. 
  
  MPs were considering the Environment Bill.[1][2]
  
  The proposed new clause rejected in this vote was titled:''Well consents for hydraulic fracturing: cessation of issue and termination'' and stated:
  
  :(1) No well consent which permits associated hydraulic fracturing may be issued by the Oil and Gas Authority (âOGAâ).
  
  :(2) Sections [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/section/4A 4A] and [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/section/4B 4B] of the [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/contents Petroleum Act 1998] (as inserted by [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/7/section/50/enacted section 50 of the Infrastructure Act 2015]), are repealed.
  
  :(3) Any well consent which has been issued by the OGA whichâ
  
  :(a) permits associated hydraulic fracturing, and
  
  :(b) is effective on the day on which this Act receives Royal Assent shall cease to be valid three months after this Act receives Royal Assent.
  
  :(4) In this sectionâ
  
  :âassociated hydraulic fracturingâ means hydraulic fracturing of shale or strata encased in shale whichâ
  
  :(a) is carried out in connection with the use of the relevant well to search or bore for or get petroleum, and
  
  :(b) involves, or is expected to involve, the injection ofâ
  
  :(i) more than 1,000 cubic metres of fluid at each stage, or expected stage, of the hydraulic fracturing, or
  
  :(ii) more than 10,000 cubic metres of fluid in total, or
  
  :(iii) acid intended to dissolve rock;
  
  :and âwell consentâ means a consent in writing of the OGA to the commencement of drilling of a well.â
  
  The rejected new clause was accompanied by the following statement from its proposer:
  
  :This new clause would prevent the Oil and Gas Authority from being able to provide licences for hydraulic fracturing, exploration or acidification, and would revoke current licences after a brief period to wind down activity.
  
  Section 4A of the Petroleum Act 1998[4] prohibited the Oil and Gas Authority from permitting associated hydraulic fracturing at a depth of less than 1000 metres without ministerial consent, and set conditions on ministerial consent being given. Conditions included avoiding protected areas. Section 4B[5] provided for associated definitions and provisions relating to the designation of protected areas.  
  
  The impact of removing Sections 4A and 4B of the Petroleum Act 1998 alone would be to deregulate associated hydraulic fracturing, however the regulatory provisions would be superfluous if associated hydraulic fracturing was banned. Subsection (1) of the proposed new clause introduced such a ban.   
  
  The meaning of Petroleum is interpreted as including any mineral oil or relative hydrocarbon and natural gas existing in its natural condition in strata[6].
  
  It appears all hydraulic fracturing to extract hydrocarbons comes under the definition of "associated hydraulic fracturing". 
  
  See also: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom on Wikipedia]
  --
  
  
  * [1] [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/2593 Parliament's webpage on the Environment Bill], Parliament.uk
  * [2] [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/58-01/0009/en/20009en01.htm Explanatory notes to the Environment Bill, 30 January 2020], Parliament.uk
  * [3] [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/58-01/0220/200220.pdf Environment Bill as of 27 November 2020]. Parliament.uk
  * [4] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/section/4A Section 4A of the Petroleum Act 1998]
  * [5] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/section/4B Section 4B of the Petroleum Act 1998]
  * [6] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/17/section/1 Section 1 of the Petroleum Act 1998]
  --- COMMENTS AND NOTES ---
  
  (put thoughts and notes for other researchers here)
  